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Q1 Market Review Thumbnail

Q1 Market Review

Economy In the News Investing

Dimensional Fund Advisors

US stocks started the quarter up but finished on a down note, lagging their global counterparts amid uncertainty about the economy, competition in the AI space, and questions about the impact of tariffs under the new presidential administration. While the S&P 500 hit new highs early in the quarter, it was down for the year as of late March.1 After cutting interest rates a full percentage point last year, the US Federal Reserve held them steady. As the quarter neared an end, stocks in international developed markets and emerging markets were outpacing those in the US—a departure from recent trends and a reminder of the potential benefits of an internationally diversified portfolio. In the bond market, US Treasuries rose, sending the benchmark 10-year yield below 4.5%.2

The new presidential administration took office in the US, threatening or imposing tariffs on goods from countries including Canada, Mexico, and China, as well as from the European Union.3 The Fed kept the federal-funds rate unchanged in the 4.25%–4.5% range in March, citing elevated inflation and an uncertain economic outlook.4 On inflation, the US core consumer price index, which excludes more-volatile food and energy items, showed prices rose 3.1% from a year earlier in February, the most recent data available, which is more than a percentage point higher than the Fed’s target of 2%.5 Meanwhile, the unemployment rate edged slightly higher, to 4.1%, in February.6

Against this backdrop, US stocks declined, with the S&P 500 Index falling 3.3% and the tech-heavy Nasdaq losing 7.8% as of March 21. Both indices at one point had fallen more than 10% from their recent highs. In late January, NVIDIA and other AI-related stocks took a hit following news that a Chinese company, DeepSeek, developed an AI model with much less investment than some US companies developing AI tools.7 NVIDIA dropped nearly $600 billion in market value in one day, reinforcing that even high-flying companies can stumble when expectations change, a reason to be cautious about concentrating investments. Global equities, as measured by the MSCI All Country World Index, only rose 0.4%, weighed down by the US.8 Developed international stocks outperformed the US by rising 9.3%, as measured by the MSCI World ex USA Index. The MSCI Emerging Markets Index added 5.7%.

It was a mixed quarter for value, small cap, and high profitability stocks. Value stocks, or those with low relative prices, outperformed growth stocks for the quarter through late March. But over that same period, the stocks of small cap companies lagged large caps. And high profitability stocks were outpaced by low profitability stocks in both developed and emerging markets as of the end of February, the most recent data available.9

The bond market was higher, with US prices up slightly overall, as measured by the Bloomberg US Aggregate Bond Index, which gained 2.6% as of March 21. The benchmark 10-year US Treasury also gained, sending its yield down to 4.25%.10 Likewise, global bonds rose, with the Bloomberg Global Aggregate Bond Index (hedged to USD)—a broad benchmark of sovereign and corporate debt—up 0.9% as of March 21.

Tariff Trepidation

The threat of tariffs is liable to loom over markets for the foreseeable future, with levies on China already in place and those on Canada and Mexico set to take effect in early April. However, markets in these target countries are up for the year, while the US is down (see Exhibit 1). But there’s no assurance as to what the results of any coming actions will be. During President Donald Trump’s first term in office, both China and the US posted higher returns than the MSCI World ex USA index despite the tariff activity that was a backdrop.

Exhibit 1

Performance Review

Index returns in local currency, year-to-date as of March 21, 2025


Source: Dimensional Fund Advisors

For those wondering about the potential impact on markets of tariffs, it’s worth remembering that effects can be hard to predict and that current market prices reflect investors’ best and most current expectations of tariffs’ impact. Knowing—much less speculating—where and when tariffs will be imposed may not help investors predict which markets will outperform.

Keeping Volatility in View

The increase in market volatility during the first quarter is also a reminder for investors to expect ups and downs. While sharp declines may be disappointing, they shouldn’t be surprising. As Dimensional Founder and Chairman David Booth writes, “reacting emotionally to recent market volatility may be more detrimental to portfolio performance than the drawdown itself.” So instead of getting anxious over a near-term drop, investors would be better served by keeping an eye on the horizon and staying focused on their long-term goals.



Footnotes:

  1. S&P data © 2025 S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved. Data as of March 21. Indices are not available for direct investment. Their performance does not reflect the expenses associated with the management of an actual portfolio.
  2. Returns based on the Bloomberg US Treasury Bond Index as of March 21. Bloomberg data provided by Bloomberg Finance LP. Source for US Treasuries: US Department of the Treasury.
  3. Ana Swanson and Jeanna Smialek, “Trump’s Tariffs on Steel and Aluminum Go Into Effect,” The New York Times, March 12, 2025.
  4.  The federal-funds rate is the overnight interest rate at which one depository institution (like a bank) lends to another institution some of its funds that are held at the Federal Reserve. “Federal Reserve Issues FOMC Statement,” Federal Reserve, March 19, 2025.
  5. Inflation data as defined by the consumer price index (CPI) from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics; the core CPI is an aggregate of prices paid by urban consumers for a typical basket of goods that excludes food and energy; Megan Leonhardt, “Markets Celebrate Softer Inflation, but Fed Will Remain on Pause,” Barron’s, March 12, 2025.
  6.  Derek Saul, “US Added 151,000 Jobs as Unemployment Rose to 4.1% in February,” Forbes, March 7, 2025.
  7. George Glover, “DeepSeek Spooks the Stock Market. Why China’s AI Model Is a Big Concern for US Tech,” Barron’s, January 27, 2025.
  8.  MSCI data © MSCI 2025, all rights reserved. Data as of March 21. Indices are not available for direct investment. Their performance does not reflect the expenses associated with the management of an actual portfolio.
  9.  The MSCI All Country World Value Index rose 5.1%, while the MSCI All Country World Growth Index lost 3.9% as of March 21; the MSCI All Country World Small Cap Index lost 1.8%, while the larger-cap MSCI All Country World Index rose 0.4% as of March 21; the Fama/French Developed High Profitability Index rose 2.8% vs. 3.8% for its low profitability counterpart as of February 28; the Fama/French Emerging Markets High Profitability Index fell 0.8%, and its low profitability counterpart fell 0.7% as of February 28.
  10.  “Daily Treasury Par Yield Curve Rates,” US Department of the Treasury. Data as of March 21.


Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Actual returns may be lower. The Dimensional and Fama/French indices represent academic concepts that may be used in portfolio construction and are not available for direct investment or for use as a benchmark. Index returns are not representative of actual portfolios and do not reflect costs and fees associated with an actual investment. See “Index Descriptions” in the Appendix for descriptions of the Dimensional and Fama/French index data.

This content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information as of the date of publication, and is intended for informational purposes only. No content should be construed as legal or tax advice. Please consult your financial professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. Past performance does not guarantee future results. All investing involves risk, including risk of loss.